Comparative Risk Analysis of Diabetes and Hypertension Co-Occurrence: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

The co-occurrence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension presents a significant challenge in chronic disease management, leading to increased cardiovascular complications. This case-control study compared the risk factors among individuals with a single condition (either diabetes or hypertension) and those with both conditions. A total of 350 participants were recruited, comprising 120 co-occurrence cases, 115 diabetes-only, and 115 hypertension-only patients. Multivariate analysis indicated that central obesity (OR=3.2), high saturated fat intake (OR=2.7), chronic psychological stress (OR=2.1), and sedentary lifestyle (OR=2.4) significantly increased the likelihood of dual disease presentation. The study recommends integrated interventions targeting dietary patterns, mental well-being, and physical activity to prevent the co-development of these chronic conditions.