Obesity as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Obesity has been widely recognized as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), yet the extent of its impact on various types of CVDs remains a topic of debate. This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of 42 cohort and case-control studies published between 2010 and 2023, evaluating the association between obesity and incidents of CVD, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. The meta-analysis revealed that individuals with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 were 2.4 times more likely to develop CVDs compared to those with a normal BMI (RR=2.4; 95% CI: 2.1–2.7). The risk increased with higher BMI and visceral fat accumulation. Notably, abdominal obesity showed a stronger association with ischemic stroke. These findings highlight the urgent need for population-wide obesity reduction strategies as a primary prevention measure against CVDs.